"Cell ELISA" como ferramenta auxiliar no controle da adenite equina / "Cell ELISA" as an auxiliary tool for the control of equine adenitis

Este trabalho relata o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de um ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) como ferramenta auxiliar no controle da adenite equina. Foi avaliada a presença de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus equi subsp. equi em equinos com doença clínica de garrotilho, portadores assintomáticos e potros vacinados. Equinos doentes demonstraram absorbâncias médias superiores (P<0,05) às médias observadas nas demais categorias examinadas. Equinos portadores assintomáticos apresentaram valores médios de absorbância superiores (P<0,05) aos animais com cultura negativa. Logo após a vacinação, potros apresentaram elevação nos níveis de anticorpos, seguida de um decréscimo nos níveis 90 dias após a segunda vacinação. O "Cell ELISA" foi eficiente para a detecção de anticorpos em equinos expostos a antígenos de S. equi, diferenciando-se de infecções por S. zooepidemicus. O "Cell ELISA" mostrou-se uma alternativa clínica para o diagnóstico indireto da adenite equina, diferenciando-se, entre equinos assintomáticos, os potenciais portadores da infecção. Os resultados observados em potros vacinados confirmam o potencial de utilização desse teste como ferramenta em programas de vacinação contra garrotilho pelo monitoramento de rebanhos pós-vacinação. Esses resultados sugerem que o "Cell ELISA" é uma promissora ferramenta auxiliar no controle da adenite equina.(AU)

This study reports the development and evaluation of the use of "Cell ELISA" as a tool for clinical interpretation for the control of strangles. The presence of anti-S. equi antibodies was evaluated in horses with strangles, in asymptomatic carriers and in vaccinated foals. Equine positive for strangle showed higher average of absorbance (P<0.05) when compared with the average for the other categories of horses studied. Asymptomatic S. equi equine carriers had higher average of absorbance (P<0.05) than equines with negative culture. After vaccination, foals presented an increase in antibody levels, followed by a decrease in antibody levels 90 days post the second vaccination. The "Cell ELISA" was efficient for the detection of antibodies in horses exposed to S. equi antigens, differentiating infections with S. zooepidemicus. Thus, the test might be a clinical tool for indirect diagnosis of the strangles, differentiating, between the asymptomatic horses, the potential carriers of infection. The results observed in vaccinated foals confirm the potential use of this test as an auxiliary instrument for strangles vaccination programs based in the serological monitoring of the herd after immunization. These results suggest that the "Cell ELISA" is a promising auxiliary tool in the control of equine adenitis.(AU)

Imunogenicidade da proteína M recombinante de Streptococcus equi subsp. equi coadministrada com um adjuvante molecular / Immunogenicity of recombinant M protein of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi co administered with a molecular adjuvant

The strangles is an infectious disease that affects horses from all ages and causes important economic losses in the equine-related business. The aim of this work was to evaluate the immunogenicity of the recombinant M protein from Streptococcus equi (rSeM) co-administered with the recombinant heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit from Escherichia coli (rLTB) in mice and horses. A total of 72 female Balb-c mice were divided into eight groups and 18 horses were divided into six groups. The animals were inoculated by intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) routes with different treatments of rSeM, rLTB and/or Al(OH)3. The results obtained in both species, independent of administration routes, demonstrated that rSeM + rLTB had higher levels of specific serum immunoglobulins, however, in mucosal immunity the increase was not identified. Thus, the use of rSeM as vaccine antigen and rLTB as adjuvant can be a potential tool in the control of equine strangles.(AU)

Retinoic acid and cAMP inhibit rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and enhance cell differentiation

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third highest cause of cancer death worldwide. In general, the disease is diagnosed at an advanced stage when potentially curative therapies are no longer feasible. For this reason, it is very important to develop new therapeutic approaches. Retinoic acid (RA) is a natural derivative of vitamin A that regulates important biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation. In vitro studies have shown that RA is effective in inhibiting growth of HCC cells; however, responsiveness to treatment varies among different HCC cell lines. The objective of the present study was to determine if the combined use of RA (0.1 µM) and cAMP (1 mM), an important second messenger, improves the responsiveness of HCC cells to RA treatment. We evaluated the proliferative behavior of an HCC cell line (HTC) and the expression profile of genes related to cancer signaling pathway (ERK and GSK-3β) and liver differentiation (E-cadherin, connexin 26 (Cx26), and Cx32). RA and cAMP were effective in inhibiting the proliferation of HTC cells independently of combined use. However, when a mixture of RA and cAMP was used, the signals concerning the degree of cell differentiation were increased. As demonstrated by Western blot, the treatment increased E-cadherin, Cx26, Cx32 and Ser9-GSK-3β (inactive form) expression while the expression of Cx43, Tyr216-GSK-3β (active form) and phosphorylated ERK decreased. Furthermore, telomerase activity was inhibited along treatment. Taken together, the results showed that the combined use of RA and cAMP is more effective in inducing differentiation of HTC cells.

Pesquisa participante na intervençäo da transmissäo de helmintos intestinais (Cidade Satélite do Paranoá - Distrito Federal) / Participant survey in the intervention of intestinal helminthiasis transmission (satellite city of Paranoá - Federal District)

Neste trabalho, desenvolvido na Cidade Satélite do Paranoá/DF, pretende-se desenvolver um projeto de pesquisa participante que contribuísse para a reduçao dos índices de infecçao de helmintoses intestinais em um grupo de crianças de risco nutricional. A unidade da pesquisa foi o Núcleo Familiar que compreendia pais, filhos e outros parentes que habitavam a mesma residência. Um conjunto de açoes instrumentais técnicas e de processos educativos acompanharam todas as etapas do projeto. As práticas foram participativas, problematizadoras, estimulantes a análises e reflexoes críticas, objetivando a construçao, socializaçao e apropriaçao de um novo saber. As açoes técnicas compreenderam os exames fecais e tratamento. As açoes educativas, tiveram como princípio a pedagogia problematizadora estimulante a análises e reflexoes críticas, tendo por eixo condutor a Promoçao à Saúde como Qualidade de Vida e Cidadania. O programa dessas açoes compreendeu: visitas domiciliares, aplicaçao de questionário, reunioes de grupos até a entrega dos resultados dos exames e tratamento. Procurou-se resgatar no Tema Gerador a História dos Indivíduos e da Comunidade, Identificaçao e Reflexao dos Problemas do Paranoá, Confronto da Realidade Vivenciada. Um conjunto de métodos e técnicas pedagógicas estimulantes à participaçao foram utilizados. Os processos avaliativos foram: quantitativos - avaliaçao dos índices de infecçao e número de participantes; qualitativos - ocorrendo durante todo o desenvolvimento do processo educativo, sendo traduzidos através do material produzido pelos participantes, dos depoimentos individuais e da presença ativa nas etapas e tarefas práticas dos trabalbos nas reunioes. Os resultados obtidos foram relevantes quanto à participaçao, à produçao e apropriaçao de conhecimentos e na intervençao da transmissao das helmintoses intestinais.